Firefighters put their lives on the line to protect us every day. But even when not responding to emergency calls, firefighters face health risks due to occupational hazards. We often hail them as heroes for their bravery and selflessness. However, the very nature of their job exposes them to a multitude of health risks that can last long after the fire is extinguished.
Studies indicate that firefighters have higher rates of cancer, heart disease, and other chronic diseases compared to the general population. Firefighters face a higher risk of cancers like skin melanoma, other skin cancers, and prostate cancer, as per a meta-analytic review in Frontiers In. Moreover, they were also at a greater risk of dying due to rectum, testis, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma as compared to the public.
Research by Journal of Occupational Medicine indicates that prostate cancer, leukemia, and esophageal cancer rates among firefighters are significantly higher than the norm. Specifically, these rates show respective increases of 3.8, 3.2, and 2.4 times. Understanding why can help us better protect the protectors.
This blog aims to shed light on the unseen threats firefighters encounter and raise awareness about the long-term health issues they grapple with.
Exposure to Toxic Chemicals
The smoke and debris at fire sites contain a hazardous mix of cancer-causing chemicals. Firefighters are constantly exposed to harmful substances like asbestos, benzene, formaldehyde, and carcinogens lurking in smoke, debris, and even firefighting foams.
Without proper protective gear, toxins can be absorbed through the skin or inhaled. This increases the chances of lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory disorders. Firefighters didn’t always have access to self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) in the past, leading to more exposure.
The equipment firefighters use also exposes them to harmful chemicals. Firefighting foam and protective gear often contain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PFAS is linked to cancer, liver issues, thyroid disorders, and other health problems. A subsequent lawsuit, known as the firefighter foam lawsuit, aka AFFF, is filed against the foam manufacturers, citing health issues caused by toxic foam.
As TorHoerman Law puts it, the lawsuit seeks compensation for affected firefighters. It also serves as a stark reminder of the hidden dangers embedded within seemingly ordinary firefighting tools.
Diesel Exhaust
The diesel engines in firetrucks produce fumes loaded with fine soot particles that firefighters breathe in on the job.
Diesel exhaust contains chemicals like carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), hydrocarbons, nickel, arsenic, benzene, and formaldehyde. The World Health Organization categorizes it as a group 1 carcinogen.
Moreover, studies also indicate that higher rates of lung and bladder cancer can be linked to diesel exhaust exposure.
Mental Stress and Sleep Disruption
Firefighting is both physically and mentally exhausting.
The constant stress, traumatic experiences, and seeing human suffering take a toll. Exposure to graphic scenes of death, destruction, and suffering can cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Flashbacks, nightmares, anxiety, and depression are just some debilitating symptoms firefighters with PTSD might experience.
Firefighters have higher rates of PTSD, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. Irregular sleep combined with job stress also increases their risk for heart illnesses, obesity, and diabetes.
Furthermore, the constant pressure to perform under hazardous conditions and the unpredictable nature of their work contribute to chronic stress and burnout. This can manifest as emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and detachment, impacting their personal lives and relationships.
Other Factors
Other factors contributing to firefighters’ health risks include asbestos exposure, hazardous materials spills, and inconsistent use of SCBA. Fire departments are improving safety practices and equipment to mitigate these risks.
The heat is another ever-present adversary. Firefighters endure extreme temperatures while battling flames and wearing heavy protective gear. This can lead to heat exhaustion, dehydration, and even heatstroke, putting immense strain on their cardiovascular systems.
Additionally, the physically demanding nature of their work, involving lifting heavy equipment and maneuvering through challenging terrains, increases their risk of musculoskeletal injuries.
Solutions & Support
Despite these daunting challenges, there are ongoing efforts to protect firefighters’ health and well-being.
Advancements in personal protective equipment (PPE) offer better protection against harmful toxins and heat. Stricter regulations on hazardous materials aim to minimize exposure to known carcinogens. Research and development of safer firefighting alternatives are also underway.
On the health front, comprehensive health screening and monitoring programs are crucial for early detection and intervention. Additionally, access to mental health resources and peer support networks is essential for firefighters struggling with emotional trauma and stress.
Initiatives like the Friends of Firefighters and Firefighter Behavioral Health Alliance in the US provide confidential counseling and support services tailored to their needs.
In conclusion, while firefighters embody courage and resilience in the face of danger, their job comes with significant long-term health risks. Firefighters often receive first aid training Calgary as part of their overall emergency response training. This training is crucial as firefighters are often the first on the scene of emergencies, including medical emergencies, where they may need to provide immediate medical assistance before paramedics arrive.
While the inherent risks can never be eliminated, supporting their well-being is the least we can do to honor their selfless dedication. The long-term health risks they face demand our attention and action. By understanding these invisible threats, we can shift from mere appreciation to active support.
Advocating for stricter safety regulations is essential, as is providing better protective equipment, proactive health screenings, and access to mental health resources. These measures allow these brave men and women to continue serving while safeguarding their health. Our firefighters deserve both our deepest gratitude and our commitment to protecting those who protect us.
Remember, every firefighter who walks into danger chooses our safety over their well-being. Let’s ensure they return home healthy and ready to answer the next call, supported by a community that recognizes their dedication.